Tuesday, December 31, 2019
Lower the Drinking Age - 924 Words
Lower the Drinking Age Everyone knows that it is illegal to consume alcohol under the age of 21. Why is 21 the magical age that makes a person intelligent and mature enough to consume alcohol? Sure, some adults abuse alcohol and some teenagers would be perfectly able to drink responsibly, but why not 18 or 35 or 40? This seemingly random number, 21, is associated with adulthood, as if the day a person turns 21 they know everything and are mature. The drinking age should be lowered to where one can learn to drink responsibly. First, the drinking age used to be 18 in some states. Many of todays parents were legally allowed to drink at 18. Today, teenagers are faced with more responsibility and are treated more like adultsâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦These all may be helpful but if the drinking age was 18 again, this funding could be used for much more worthwhile programs, such as educational grants, scholarships, financial aid, and funding for educational departments within the college or univers ity. Fifthly, with the focus on education about safe drinking instead of restriction, many problems would decrease. American teenagers, unlike European teenagers, do not learn how to drink gradually, safely, and in moderation. Though the per capita consumption of alcohol in countries like France, Spain, and Portugal is greater than in the US, (the rate of alcoholism and alcohol abuse is lower). This comes from educated and gradual drinking. Alcohol is not seen as a magic potion, there is little social pressure to drink, irresponsible behavior is not tolerated, and young people learn at home from their parents how to handle alcohol in a responsible way in Europe. Lastly, if the drinking age would be lowered to 18, everyone would benefit from it. Students would drink less, their drinking environments would be safer, and the general publics tax money would be put to better use. Even though many would say that there are many benefits to the higher drinking age, but the benefits of the lower drinking age outweigh the benefits of the higher drinking age. Because the 21-year-old drinking age is not working, they need to change the law and teach responsible drinkingShow MoreRelatedIs it Right to Lower the Drinking Age?1070 Words à |à 4 Pagesunderlying issue. My question is, ââ¬Å"Why should we lower the legal drinking ageâ⬠? Current proposals to lower the minimum legal drinking age to 18 would have some benefits like increasing revenue for bars and liquor stores. However the risks surpass the benefits. Many people think that if youââ¬â¢re 18 youââ¬â¢re portrayed as an adult, youââ¬â¢re old enough to serve your country, vote, and make your own decisions. In some cases this could be true, but lowering the drinking age would be way too risky for themselves andRead MoreDont lower the drinking Age1229 Words à |à 5 PagesDespite the problems that would arise, many people are beginning to feel that the drinking age should be lowered from twenty-o ne to eighteen. Studies have been made; however, no hard evidence suggesting lowering the minimum drinking age would help have surfaced. Although there are countless studies of how alcohol has many harmful effects on teenagers, there is a great deal of negative criticism about what if the drinking age is lowered. Some would say the morally right decision is to not allow teens theRead MoreTo Lower or Not to Lower the Legal Drinking Age to 18, That Is the Question881 Words à |à 4 Pagesthat binge drinking is on the rise among college students (Eisenberg n.p.). With an increase of alcohol consumption by underage drinkers, it only seems logical to lower the drinking age to prevent binge drinking, however there are far more consequences to be seen. Lowering the drinking age to 18 will not solve the binge drinking problem among college students but will cause more problems. In this paper I will explain the reason why lowering the drinking age will not stop binge drinking and the adver seRead MoreLower the Drinking Age Essay examples1430 Words à |à 6 Pages Lowering the drinking age to 18 would help prevent the crime and personal injuries that are caused by alcohol abuse. Although many states are trying to get the drinking age lowered, there are many groups and national statistics that are keeping the drinking set at 21. For example, ââ¬Å"The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration says laws setting the drinking age at 21 have cut traffic fatalities involving drivers by 13 percentâ⬠(Keen). They are hoping that by keeping the age set at 21, peopleRead MoreWhy Lower the Legal Drinking Age?801 Words à |à 3 Pagesthat lower the drinking age below 21 lose 10% of their annual federal highway appropriations (Haevens). This is the main reason the legal drinking age has not been lower below 21 years of age.a large number of the general population desires a lower drinking age. In the 25 years since the legal drinking age was set at 21, seven states have tried to lower it. (Wechsier ).It is unfair for the federal government to withhold money from states if they exercise their rights to set the legal drinking ageRead MoreEssay about Lower the Drinking Age906 Words à |à 4 PagesLower the Drinking Age Everyone knows that it is illegal to consume alcohol under the age of 21. Why is 21 the magical age that makes a person intelligent and mature enough to consume alcohol? Sure, some adults abuse alcohol and some teenagers would be perfectly able to drink responsibly, but why not 18 or 35 or 40? This seemingly random number, 21, is associated with adulthood, as if the day a person turns 21 they know everything and are mature. The drinking age should be lowered to whereRead More Lower Legal Drinking Age Essays1249 Words à |à 5 Pages Since the states increased their drinking age to 21 in 1987, every citizen of this country between the ages of 18 and 20 have been oppressed by the very people elected to power to protect their rights. It is evident that the legal drinking age among Americans should be lowered to the legal age of adulthood, 18 years. At this age, any American can marry without their Parentââ¬â¢s approval and can move out of their guardianââ¬â¢s house and live on th eir own. Why are these adults deprived of their right toRead MoreEssay on Lower the Drinking Age To 18453 Words à |à 2 Pages The age of drinking has been an issue in our country for a long time and there are many regards on why the age is set at 21. The federal government should not impose a drinking age of 21. The drinking age should be lowered to the age of 18 for the following reasons; one, most people between the age of 18-20 are drinking alcohol already, and two, you should have the right to purchase alcohol when you reach the age of 18, because that is the age when you are considered and adultRead MoreDo not Lower the Legal Drinking Age825 Words à |à 3 Pagesinfringing on personal rights. Itââ¬â¢s regarding whether the legal drinking age should be lowered from twenty-one to eighteen. This has been a huge controversy geared exclusively towards college students due to the fact that alcohol consumption at universities is the definitive part of campus life even though the greater part of students are not legally permitted to drink. It is apparent that through the regularity and risks of binge drinking across universities and the high percentage of DUI and alcoholRead MoreEssay about Lower the Drinking Age To 18561 Words à |à 3 Pages The drinking age in the United States is a contradiction. At the age of eighteen, one can drive a car, vote in an election, get married, serve in the military and buy tobacco products. In the United States you are legally an adult at eighteen. An eighteen-year-old, however, cannot purchase alcoholic beverages. The minimum drinking age should be lowered from twenty-one in the United States. Unbelievably, the United States citizens trust their sixteen-year-old children to drive three thousand pound
Sunday, December 22, 2019
Native Americans During The Revolutionary War - 2840 Words
Prior to the Revolutionary War, the Native Americans were considered to be an essential part to learning and living on the North American landscape. However, after the relationship between the Colonists and British tensed, the Native Americans found themselves in the middle of a war that would divide the Native American people. However, during the course of the war, the Native Americans had to consider who they should fight with/for. While both sides, the British and the Colonists, professed the benefits of fighting with/for them, the Native Americansââ¬â¢ decision would determine the fate of many Indian generations during the course of expansion in North America. On one side, the British offered diplomacy, land, and economic expansion; on the other, the Colonists promoted freedom, equality, and the promise of land. The struggle of the tribes to decide which side to fight for would prove to be the true battle that many of them would face. However, the relationships of the Native A mericans and the English people did not start with the Revolution; it began almost two-hundred years prior in the settlement of Jamestown. In 1607, the first 100 English settlers arrived on the North American continent and settled Jamestown, in what would later become the territory of Virginia. Within the next year, the colony had suffered disease, hunger, and multiple attacks by Native Americans. However, after the settlement of more Englishmen, the local tribes and settlers began to negotiate peaceShow MoreRelated Ages of Faith, Reason, and Romantics Essay880 Words à |à 4 PagesAges of Faith, Reason, and Romantics Works Cited Missing The first three time periods in American literature had distinguishing characteristics in their subject matter and writing styles. Puritans wrote about their religious beliefs and daily life during the Age of Faith. During the Age of Reason, the Revolutionary War was going on and much of the writings were political documents as a result of the war. The Age of Romantics brought about the first fictional writings. The three time periods, whichRead MoreRevolutionary Mothers : Women During The Struggle For America s Independence By Carol Berkin1612 Words à |à 7 Pagesof the book Revolutionary Mothers: Women in the struggle for Americaââ¬â¢s independence by Carol Berkin. This comprised of details on women who had been involved in struggling to fulfill the independence of America. Women played their role at facing or creating impact towards the war. This outlines on myriad of women,s lives as well as getting to know the obstacles that they encountered during the war. This aids in br inging out the idea that not only men who played vital roles during the war, but alsoRead More`` Revolutionary Mothers `` By Carol Berkin1194 Words à |à 5 Pagesââ¬Å"Revolutionary Mothersâ⬠is a book written by Carol Berkin in 2005. The book mainly focuses women roles throughout the American Upheaval period. The purpose of writing this book was to help the reader to not only understand these roles but also apprehend the social/cultural norms throughout the struggle of Americaââ¬â¢s Independence period (Berkin 11). Berkin begins with a brief analysis of the cultural and social norms of women during the American Revolution era. Berkin then examines the way this eraRead MoreAnalysis Of Revolutionary Mothers1693 Words à |à 7 Pages Revolutionary Mothers Revolutionary Mothers: Women in the Struggle for Americaââ¬â¢s Independence. By Carol Berkin. 2005. P. 194. As we study the Revolutionary War we tend to think of the men that revolted, fought, and petitioned, but have we ever thought about what the women did during the war? In Revolutionary Mothers: Women in the Struggle for Americaââ¬â¢s Independence, we get a chance to see the womenââ¬â¢s side of the war and what they did during this troubling time. Carol Berkin shows us what each raceRead MoreThe United States Struggle For Independence1407 Words à |à 6 Pagesstruggle for independence was marked by the American Revolution war fought between Britain and the thirteen American colonies from the year 1775 to the year 1783. The war was sparked off because of a number of reasons, among them being the fact that Britain felt its American colonies were not playing their financial part as a colony and they were neither actively participating in the Anglo-French war. The fact that the French were defeated in this war boosted the confidence of the colonies in overthrowingRead MoreThe And Th e War For America1324 Words à |à 6 Pagesof the struggle for America we think of the Revolutionary War, or even of the Civil War. We reminisce of tales of bravado and of cunning, of George Washington and our countryââ¬â¢s forefathers leading the revolution against the British and of pursuing the dream of a nation free from tyranny. But often the tyranny that this new nation itself took part in is largely glossed over. It is largely accepted that America unfairly pushed out the Native Americans from their homelands, but the means in whichRead MoreThinking Through the Past, Ch. 4 Essay1450 Words à |à 6 PagesThe American Revolutionary war began in-part because of economic struggles England faced after securing safety for itââ¬â¢s colonies during the Seven Years War. England needed to increase their taxation on the colonists after the war to pay off its war debts. Prior to these taxes, the colonies were wholly content while under the wing of the British Empire. Not only because the protection the British provided, but also because of their deep reverence for the Motherland. Colonists were angered by withRead MoreRole of Woman During the Revolutionary War1133 Words à |à 5 PagesRole of Woman During the Revolutionary War Have you noticed that in most history text books that the role of woman was never truly expressed in detail? Of corse we have heard of Gorge Washington, John Adams, male solders of the Revolutionary war, high ranking officers and the generals; what about the wives? What were the womanââ¬â¢s roles during these times? We should know that all woman were inferior to men, they had responsibilities and rights based on there social status. Most womanRead MoreFrench and Indian War Effects Essay1048 Words à |à 5 Pagesand Indian War had an almost innumerable number of effects on the political, economic and ideological relations between Britain and the American colonies. The war touched the entirety of Americaââ¬â¢s diverse population; from the Native Americans to the soldiers. Some were gladdened by the invigorated ties to England while others were enraged by the economic situation. There is no doubt that the war truly altered and revolutionized the American colonies. As a rule, the Native Americans are perhapsRead MoreThe Revolutionary War And The Declaration Of Independence1586 Words à |à 7 Pages Decades following the Revolutionary War and the Declaration of Independence, America continued to face challenges in their young country. Tensions with the British, as well as Native Americans, led to more struggles for America. The British failed to recognize the United States of America as a separate and free country, and by enlisting the help of frustrated Native Americans they continued to be a sore within America. They believed they had rights to some parts of land in western Florida, they
Saturday, December 14, 2019
Crime and Gangster Films Free Essays
The gangster genre rose in popularity during the 1930s and most historians locate the beginning of its classical phase at this time. The gangster films became an excellent system to exhibit cinemaââ¬â¢s sound capacities: ballistic machine gun fire, screeching tires and sharp streets electrified the screen. The rise also coincided with historical conditions of Prohibition, such as notorious real gangsters, like Al Capone, and violent outbreak, such as the St. We will write a custom essay sample on Crime and Gangster Films or any similar topic only for you Order Now Valentineââ¬â¢s Day Massacre in 1929. They are developed around the malignant actions of Gangsters such as bank robbers, underworld bosses, or ruthless criminals who disobey the law, violently murdering and stealing their way through life. Gangster stories often highlight the life of a gangster figure or victims of the gangster. They sometimes also portray the rise and fall of gangsters through their personal power struggle and conflict with the law, or competing gangsters. Headline-grabbing situations, real-life gangsters, or crime news have often been used in crime films. Gangster/crime films are usually set in large, jam-packed cities, to provide a view of the covert world of the gangster: contraband, dark nightclubs or streets with flashy neon signs, super cars, tons of cash, bars, run down homes or boarding houses. Unusual locations for crimes often add an element of adventure and wealth. Writers conjured up appropriate gangland lingo for the tales, such as ââ¬Å"tommy gunsâ⬠or ââ¬Å"molls. â⬠Film gangsters are usually selfish, street-smart, corrupt, and self-destructive. Rivalry with other criminals in gangster warfare is often a significant plot characteristic. Crime plots also include questions such as how the criminal will be seized by police, detectives, special agents or legal authorities, or mysteries such as who stole the valued object. They rise to power with a tough cruel facade while showing an ambitious desire for success and recognition, but underneath they can express sensitivity and gentleness. Howard Hawkââ¬â¢s Scarface: The Shame of A Nation was a brutal film in the crime genre. The star was Paul Muni as a hoodlum in the Prohibition-Era Chicago. The film depicted twenty eight deaths and was the first movie to use a machine gun. This violent production caught the attention of the Hays Code. Ultimately, the debate lead to the new Hays Production Code which censored such violent acts in films. After this censoring, the focus went more on the good side of the law. They glorified the cops, federal agent, and detectives, while putting a gray shade on them as though they were good gangsters. They would use brutal methods to capture criminals. The end of the Second World War and the loosening of censor codes gave the blood and violence back to the crime and gangster genre. Arthur Pennââ¬â¢s Bonnie and Clyde set new standards for violent behavior. The filmââ¬â¢s graphic finale showed the very sadistic end of the gangster lovers. Directors also took a new take on the expected image of the gangsters. The Mafia had taken over and gangster films were never the same. If the 1930s were about the rise and fall of the gangster, the 1970s Mafia were about the rise and continuous rise of the Mafia family. The American dream had been achieved by the previous ââ¬Ëlosersââ¬â¢. Francis Ford Coppolaââ¬â¢s directed Mario Puzzoââ¬â¢s bestselling novel The Godfather, The Godfather Part II, and eventually The Godfather Part III. It was a classic particularly in its rich portrayal of the Mafia family. The films showed a different side of the gangland as a tightly knit family that is run more like a business than a vague operation. Other 1970s films showed the other side of the force in the violent and abusive tactics of the detectives trying to catch criminals. Clint Eastwood starred as the detective known as ââ¬Å"Dirtyâ⬠Harry Callahan who took down criminals with an over-sized Magnum. Gangster stories are a barometer of our society. Although, we try desperately to ignore the dark side to what we wish to be a civilized society, gangster and crime films show us the thinness of that civility. . Gangsters and criminals, and the way we portray them on film, show how we are really close to that beast inside. How to cite Crime and Gangster Films, Papers
Friday, December 6, 2019
Taxation Ruling Financial Income Year
Question: Discuss about the Report for Taxation Ruling of Financial Income Year. Answer: 1. Issue The critical issue in this case is to examine the tax residency status of Juliette for the income year FY2015 and FY2016 based on the tax ruling TR 98/17 and other relevant rulings and legislations. Rule According to the tax law of Australia, the tax residency of persons can be determined with reference to the norms described in the subsection 6(1) of ITAA, 1936. There are certain specific tests in order to decide the tax residency of an individual for a particular financial or income year which are defined in the tax ruling TR 98/17 (ATO, 1998), There are four major tax residency tests that are available to ascertain the tax residency status of an individual in Australia Domicile Test 183 Day Test Residency Test Superannuation Test If the concerned individual satisfies any of the above mentioned tests of tax residency, then he/she would be considered as Australian tax resident for that particular assessment period. The imperative condition in this scenario is that these residency tests will examine the tax residency of the concerned person for the same financial year and not for next year or for past year. Hence, it can be said that these residency test need to be applied on an annual basis considering the various facts (Gilders et. al., 2015). A brief discussion about these residency tests is described below Domicile Test It also termed as Abode Test as per the tax ruling. This test is applicable for those persons, who have Australian domicile but are currently residing on the foreign territory due to the involvement in the personal or professional commitments or other specific purposes. There are two essential conditions that must be satisfied by the individual in order to pass domicile test (Nethercott, Richardson Devos, 2016). The concerned person must have Australian domicile according to the norms of Domicile Act, 1972. The person should have a permanent residence with in Australian region as discussed in Levene v. I.R.C.(1928) A.C.217 Hence, if the concerned person has fulfilled the above conditions of domicile test, then in such cases he/she will be declared as a tax resident of Australia for that particular financial year. The location of the permanent abode of the concerned tax resident is also a pivotal element that would be taken into consideration. These elements are highlighted in the tax ruling IT 2650. The Tax Commissioner also follows this tax ruling to determine the location of permanent abode taking all case facts into cognizance (Barkoczy, 2015). 183-Day Test There are two major provisions of 183 day test highlighted in tax ruling that must be satisfied by the concerned person in regards to pass 183-Day test (CCH, 2015). The concerned person must reside in Australian territory for a minimum period of 183 days in the given financial year. It is not essential that this stay is of continuous basis and may be conducted with breaks. There should not be any doubt by the concerned income tax authority i.e. Tax Commissioner in regards to the willingness on the part of the concerned person to make Australia as a permanent residence place in future. It is not essential that the present intent must be satisfied in future, but the intent and willingness to reside in Australia on permanent basis is essential. If any of the above mentioned provision is not satisfied from the part of the concerned individual then, this test cannot be passed to ascertain the tax residency (Sadiq et. al., 2015). Residency Test The essential factors of residency test as per the highlighted part of tax ruling are discussed below (Hodgson, Mortimer and Butler, 2016). Prime intention to reside in Australian Territory Personal and Professional Relations in Australia Fixed assets in Australia Social interactions A brief outline about the above highlighted factors, which are considered the pivotal factors in order to examine the tax residency of the concerned individual, is presented below. Prime intention to reside in Australian Territory It has been observed that there are many reasons for the taxpayer to reside in the Australian territory but the prime intent or main reason is accountable in order to apply the residency test. For example, any temporary abode caused by travelling cannot be the taken into consideration as it would be insignificant.. If educational or employment commitment is the main objective to reside in Australia, than this can be assumed significant under this test. It indicates the willingness on the part of the concerned person to make permanent residence in Australia in upcoming future. The duration of stay in Australia is another crucial element in this regards which is highlighted in the FC of T v. Pechey 75 ATC 4083; (1975) 5 ATR case. Any employment for a shorter period will not be liable for an Australian tax residency due to its insignificant duration of stay (Deutsch et. al., 2015). Personal and Professional Relation The nature of the ties that the concerned taxpayer has in Australia is imperative factor. This factor also depends on the relation of the taxpayer with the country of origin. This was highlighted in the Peel vs The Commissioners of Inland Revenue (1927) 13 TC 443 case. The nature of the tie on the part of the concerned taxpayer can be professional level or personal level. This indicates the extent of willigness of the taxpayer to make a permanent abode in Australia in the near future (Barkoczy, 2015). Fixed assets in Australia This factor of tax residency involves the number of fixed asset maintained by the concerned taxpayer, who is inhabiting in Australian territory and it can be viewed in the judgment of The Commissioners of Inland Revenue v. F L Brown (1926) 11 TC 292 case. Retaining high amounts of fixed asset in Australia highlights the long term plan of the individual to stay in Australia (Gilders et. al., 2015). Social Relations The exclusive participation in social occasions in order to develop social relations with the residents and also by taking the membership of clubs and community firms showed the involvement of the concerned taxpayer in the social sphere. This also suggests the willingness on the part of the taxpayer to stay in Australia for long term. If the living life style of the individual in Australia is similar to that in country of origin, then also it implies that the Australian tax residency be conferred (Sadiq et. al., 2015). Superannuation Test This test is applicable only for Australian government officers and employees, who are residing on foreign land. Their tax residency can be obtained on the basis of the involvement of the officers in either of the below mentioned superannuation schemes of government (CCH, 2015). PSSS (Public Sector Superannuation Scheme) CSS (Commonwealth Superannuation Scheme). Application Facts about the case: In this particular case study, Juliette was a well-known dancer whose country of origin is England. A United State based company enacted an employment contract with Juliette in England. The contract was in regards to offer choreography for a new stage musical show at a private theatre located in Australia. The contract was of two years starting from 15 March 2015 to 15 March 2017. It was decided that the company will credit the payment of AUD $70,000 after every six month of employment in the Swiss bank account of Juliette. The employment was stated to start in March, 2015. However, she came to Australia in the month of February, 2015 in order to make a bus trip to visit Australia. She had to return back to England in the same month due to unexpected health issue of her mother. On May 1, 2015 she came back for fulfilling her contractual obligations. Over a period of time, she was in love with a co-choreographer (Romeo) in the same company and leased a small flat situated in Sydney. I n August, 2015 she purchased a flat and in September 1, 2015 got married with Romeo and started residing there with Romeo. After some time of marriage, she again went to England due to her mother illness in October 15, 2015. She stayed there with her mother till April 14, 2016. She came back to Australia then since her mother had passed away Determination of tax residency status of Juliette based on the tax residency tests is indicated below. For the period of 2014-2015 Domicile test cannot apply in this case because Juliette does not possess Australian domicile. According to the figures given in the case, it has observed that Juliette has spent only three months in Australian territory in the time duration 2014-2015. Hence, she has spent only three month in a particular financial year also she was not involved in any personal tie or relation in Australia. Additionally, she did not own any fixed asset in Australia in this duration. Therefore, Juliette cannot fulfil the requisite of residency test. Juliette did not stay in Australia for the minimum duration of 183 days. Hence, 183-Day test is not applicable in this scenario. Juliette is not a government employee of Australia, hence this test also not applicable. 2.) For the period of 2015-2016 Domicile test cannot apply in this case also, since she does not possess Australian domicile. It has observed from the mentioned information that Juliette was involved in the personal as well as profession relation during the period of 2015-2016. She got married to Romeo and also she was performing her employment commitments with the help of Romeo, when she was taking care of her mother in England. Beside this, she also bought a house in Australia where she was residing with husband Romeo. Hence, it is apparent that the facts above tend to satisfy the essential conditions that are required to pass this particular residency test. She spent 183 days in Australia which can be calculated from the below figure (Duration from July 1, 2016 to October 15, 2016)+ (Duration from April15, 2016 to June 30, 2016) = 183 days Also, her mother got expired in England, which was her country of origin which is why she had to go to England. Hence, there was no intent on the part of Juliette to reside in her country of origin. She was willing to settle on permanent basis in Australia with her husband Romeo and had also bought a house in Australia. Hence 183-Day test is also satisfied based on the above arguments Superannuation test fails in this case, because Juliette was not a government employee of Australia. Conclusion Based on the above analysis of the case, it can be concluded that during the time period of 2014-2015, Juliette cannot be considered as Australian tax resident due to the failure of all four respective residency tests of tax highlighted in the tax ruling TR 98/17. Although, Juliette is termed as an Australian tax resident for the time period 2015-2016, because she has passed both residency test and 183 day test described in the tax ruling TR 98/17. 2. As per the case details, George has a rental property and the objective is to derive this rental propertys income statement taking into consideration all the deductions available on account of repairs and maintenance, other expenses, capital works deductions and depreciation. This is summarised as shown below (ATO, 2015). Calculations The relevant calculations are summarised below. Management Commission is 5% of the income = (0.05)*13900 = $ 695 Deduction for capital works in on account of longer lasting roof replacement = (0.025)*15000 = $ 375 The depreciation schedule for the property is shown below. The explanation with regards to the various items that are used for computation of rental income is given below. In the given case, the damaged roof is not repaired but replaced with a new roof which has an additional life. This would imply capital spending instead of repairs in line with IT 2167 made for the increasing the value of the building and also its life. As a result, deduction would be available on this cost @ 2.5% per annum for 40 years (ATO, 2015). The expenses that the taxpayer incurs in regards to the rental property management would be deductible and therefore the management commission deduction has been claimed in the rental property income statement (ATO, 2015). The general expenses related to rental property repair and maintenance are deductible provided the damage is on account of renting or damage in any natural calamity. Here such costs have been included as part of expenses to compute the net income from property (Taxation Ruling TR 97/23) The decline in the value of the assets of the property has been calculated as shown in the depreciation schedule above and it has been done in accordance with the prime method. The ATO allows deduction for this provided all the assets are qualified assets which is true in the given case. Also, it is noteworthy that for assets whose total cost is lower than $ 300, then instead of following the prime method, the total cost could be claimed as depreciation only when the property is bought (ATO, 2016) References ATO (1998), Taxation Ruling TR 98/17. Retrieved on August 20, 2016 from https://law.ato.gov.au/atolaw/view.htm?Docid=TXR/TR9817/NAT/ATO/00001 ATO (2015), Rental Properties 2015, Retrieved on August 20, 2016 from https://www.ato.gov.au/uploadedFiles/Content/MEI/downloads/Rental-properties-2015.pdf ATO (2016), Rental Property Expenses, Retrieved on August 20, 2016 from https://www.ato.gov.au/Individuals/Income-and-deductions/In-detail/Investments,-including-rental-properties/Rental-property-expenses/ Barkoczy,S. (2015), Foundation of Taxation Law 2015,North Ryde: CCH Publications, CCH (2015), Australian Master Tax Guide 2015, Sydney: CCH Australia Limited Deutsch, R., Freizer, M., Fullerton, I., Hanley, P. and Snape, T. (2015), Australian tax handbook, Pymont: Thomson Reuters Gilders, F., Taylor, J., Walpole, M., Burton, M. and Ciro, T. (2015), Understanding taxation law 2015, LexisNexis/Butterworths. Hodgson, H., Mortimer, C. and Butler, J. (2016), Tax Questions and Answers 2016, Sydney, NSW, Australia: Thomson Reuters. Nethercott, L., Richardson, G. Devos, K. (2016), Australian Taxation Study Manual 2016, Sydney, NSW, Australia: Oxford University Press Sadiq, K., Coleman, C., Hanegbi, R., Jogarajan, S., Krever, R., Obst, W. and Ting, A. (2015),Principles of Taxation Law 2015,Pymont:Thomson Reuters Tax rulings, Legislations and Cases Income Tax Assessment Act, ITAA, 1936 Income Tax Assessment Act, ITAA, 1997 Domicile Act 1972 Taxation Ruling TR 98/17 Taxation Ruling TR 97/23 Income tax ruling IT 2650 Income tax ruling IT 2167 FC of T v. Pechey 75 ATC 4083; (1975) 5 ATR Levene v. I.R.C.(1928) A.C.217 Peel vs The Commissioners of Inland Revenue (1927) 13 TC 443 The Commissioners of Inland Revenue v. F L Brown (1926) 11 TC 292
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